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San Bernardino, Switzerland

Coordinates: 46°27′N 9°12′E / 46.450°N 9.200°E / 46.450; 9.200
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San Bernardino in 2019

San Bernardino is a mountainous village in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It is the southern entry point to the San Bernardino tunnel, which complemented the road over the San Bernardino Pass in 1967, opening a new all-year-round road to crossing the Alps.

The village is part of the municipality of Mesocco. The language spoken is Italian, one of the three official languages in the canton of Graubünden.

The church dates from around 1450, only years before the Viamala gorge bridge was opened for traffic, multiplying traffic across the pass.

Traffic

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Lagh Doss in 2008

The old Mulattiera is still visible and in good condition, this was the path for horses before the construction of a road in 1770 by the adjacent municipalities. In 1812 the state (or canton) of Graubünden built a new road that is actually the one still in use for local traffic and across the pass, whereas the tunnel traffic uses a newly built road that avoids serpentines to allow a fluent traffic.

The walls were built then as dry walls and were restored in 1995 because the road has still to work as a replacement for the tunnel if it has to be closed. The restoration was completed with a minimum amount of concrete reinforcements.[1]

Geography

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Aerial view (1953)

Lagh Doss is located close to the village. The municipality encloses Val Curciusa, a valley lying north of Bocchetta di Curciusa and therefore emptying its waters towards the Rhine river and the North Sea instead of the Adriatic Sea as in most Italian spoken areas of the canton of Graubünden.

Weather

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Climate data for S. Bernardino: 1638m (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3)
1.0
(33.8)
3.7
(38.7)
6.8
(44.2)
11.5
(52.7)
15.9
(60.6)
18.2
(64.8)
17.8
(64.0)
13.4
(56.1)
9.2
(48.6)
4.1
(39.4)
1.3
(34.3)
8.6
(47.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9)
−3.1
(26.4)
−0.3
(31.5)
2.7
(36.9)
7.0
(44.6)
11.2
(52.2)
13.2
(55.8)
12.9
(55.2)
9.0
(48.2)
5.0
(41.0)
0.4
(32.7)
−2.6
(27.3)
4.3
(39.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.3
(18.9)
−7.1
(19.2)
−4.2
(24.4)
−1.1
(30.0)
2.9
(37.2)
6.7
(44.1)
8.6
(47.5)
8.6
(47.5)
5.1
(41.2)
1.4
(34.5)
−2.7
(27.1)
−6.1
(21.0)
0.4
(32.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77
(3.0)
60
(2.4)
81
(3.2)
133
(5.2)
168
(6.6)
172
(6.8)
159
(6.3)
187
(7.4)
162
(6.4)
181
(7.1)
168
(6.6)
88
(3.5)
1,637
(64.4)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 100
(39)
82
(32)
77
(30)
92
(36)
14
(5.5)
1
(0.4)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(0.4)
10
(3.9)
69
(27)
91
(36)
537
(211)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.6 6.5 8.1 10.1 14.1 12.5 12.0 12.7 10.0 11.1 10.7 8.5 123.9
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 8.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 7.0 8.9 51.6
Average relative humidity (%) 66 63 66 71 73 72 72 75 77 77 74 68 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 97 107 141 128 128 145 163 154 133 109 81 86 1,470
Percent possible sunshine 54 56 52 44 40 44 49 50 49 48 45 51 48
Source: MeteoSwiss (snow 1981–2010)[2][3]

References

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  1. ^ Historic Road dating 1812 being restored (german) Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "Climate Normals S. Bernardino (Reference period 1991−2020)" (PDF). Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Climate Normals S. Bernardino (Reference period 1981−2010)" (PDF). Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
[edit]

46°27′N 9°12′E / 46.450°N 9.200°E / 46.450; 9.200